What is a Stroke?

A stroke is an interruption of the flow of blood to cells in the brain. The cells die due to the lack of oxygen and nutrients. A stroke occurs when either a blockage of an artery prevents blood from reaching the cells in the brain (called ischemic) or an artery ruptures inside or outside the brain causing a hemorrhage.

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

TIAs occur when a blood clot temporarily clogs an artery, and part of the brain doesn't get the blood it needs. The symptoms occur rapidly and last a relatively short time. Most TIAs last less than five minutes. The average is about a minute. Unlike stroke, when a TIA is over, there's no injury to the brain.

Most strokes aren't preceded by TIAs. However, of the people who've had one or more TIAs, more than a third will later have a stroke.

TIAs are important in predicting if a stroke will occur rather than when one will happen. They can occur days, weeks or even months before a major stroke. In one study, 10% of people with TIA had a stroke within 90 days. In about half the cases, the stroke occurred within one year of the TIA.

Half of people who have had a TIA do not report it to their health providers. Given the increased risk of having a future stroke within weeks to months, it is very important to seek medical attention immediately if you experience a TIA.

Stroke Facts & Figures

Warning Signs of a Stroke

• Numbness or weakness in face, arm or leg especially on one side of the body
• Sudden blurred or decreased vision in one or both eyes
• Difficulty speaking or understanding simple statements
• Loss of balance or coordination.

You do not need to have all of these symptoms. If you are having one of the above symptoms call 911 immediately

Click here for video on stroke warning signs & symptoms (courtesy of Massachusetts Department of Health, RealPlayer file)